| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Paiute, Northern Other, Fasteners Used as ties for sandals. Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology: Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Paiute, Northern Other, Fasteners Used for wefts and binding tule items. Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology: Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 81 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Pomo Fiber, Basketry Stems used to make plain-twined baskets. Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Pomo Fiber, Canoe Material Stems used to make boats. Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Pomo Fiber, Clothing Skins used as swaddling clothes or soft padding. Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Pomo Food, Unspecified New sprouts eaten in the spring. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 284 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Pomo Food, Vegetable Roots eaten as greens. Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Pomo Food, Vegetable Young shoots eaten as greens. Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 92 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber, Basketry Root used to form the black part of the basket design. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 28 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Shuswap Fiber, Building Material Used for weaving entrance covers, curtains, windbreaks and for drying salmon. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Sioux Food, Unspecified Young, spring shoots used for food. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Snohomish Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Used to make mats. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Thompson Drug, Hemostat Burned stalk ashes used on baby's bleeding navel. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Burned stalk ashes used on baby's bleeding navel. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Thompson Fiber, Building Material Stems laid in an overlapping fashion and used for roofing. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Thompson Fiber, Clothing Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make capes, bags and Indian doctor headdresses. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Thompson Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make mats. Food was placed on tule mats in order to dry it. The mats were also used as place mats for eating, as floor covering in lodges, as room partitions in pit houses, as walls for summer lodges and as mattresses and pillows. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Thompson Other, Containers Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make bags. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Thompson Other, Decorations Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make Indian doctor headdresses. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115 |
| Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Hardstem Bulrush USDA SCACA |
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified Roots used for food. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15 |